Efeito dos ácidos naftaleno acético e indolilbutírico no enraizamento de estacas de jambolão [Syzygium cumini (L. ) Skeels] / Effect of naphthaleneacetic acid and indolebutyric acid on rooting of jambul [Syzygium cumini (L. ) Skeels] cuttings

O jambolão propaga-se normalmente por sementes o que acarreta variabilidade nas plantas descendentes e um problema quando o objetivo é a formação de pomar comercial. O desenvolvimento de protocolo de propagação vegetativa por meio da estaquia possibilitaria a reprodução de todas as características da planta matriz, uniformidade nas populações e facilidade de propagação. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito dos ácidos naftaleno acético (ANA) e indolilbutírico (AIB) no enraizamento de estacas de jambolão. Estacas da região mediana dos ramos foram confeccionadas com 12 cm de comprimento, cortadas em bisel na base e reto acima da última gema axilar, mantendo-se um par de folhas reduzidas à metade. As bases das estacas foram imersas por 10 segundos em soluções aquosas contendo ANA ou AIB nas concentrações de 0, 500, 1.000 e 1.500 mg L-1. Para o plantio foram utilizadas bandejas plásticas contendo areia de granulometria média. As estacas foram mantidas em casa-de-vegetação com nebulização intermitente e após 120 dias do plantio, foram avaliadas as variáveis: porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, com calos, vivas (não enraizadas e sem calos) e mortas, comprimento das três maiores raízes (cm) e número de raízes formadas por estaca. Os melhores resultados de enraizamento foram verificados com 1.000 mg L-1 para ambos os fitorreguladores testados. A porcentagem de enraizamento foi ligeiramente superior com a utilização de ANA quando comparada ao AIB.

Jambul usually propagates by seeds, which causes variability in the descendant plants and represents a problem in the formation of commercial orchards. The development of a protocol for vegetative propagation by cuttings would enable the reproduction of all features of the Mother plant, uniformity in populations and easy propagation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indolebutyric acid (IBA) on rooting of jambul cuttings. Twelve-cm-long cuttings from the median region of branches were prepared through bevel cut in the base and right cut above the last axillary bud, keeping one pair of halved leaves. Cutting bases were immersed for 10s in aqueous solutions containing NAA or IBA at 0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg L-1 concentrations. Plastic trays containing medium sand were used in the planting. The cuttings were kept in a greenhouse under intermittent nebulization and, at 120 days after planting, the following variables were evaluated: percentage of rooted, with calluses, alive (not-rooted and without calluses) and dead cuttings; length of the three largest roots (cm); and number of roots per cutting. The best rooting was observed by using 1000 mg L-1 of both tested plant growth regulators. Rooting percentage was slightly higher under NAA relative to IBA.

Therapy of primary biliary cirrhosis with p-tolylmethylcarbinol nicotinic acid ester in combination with alpha-naphthylacetic acid.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of choleretic treatment with p tolylmethylcarbinol nicotinic acid ester and alpha-naphthylacetic acid (Galle-Donau) on laboratory parameters of cholestasis, lipids, immunologic activity and on clinical signs in primary biliary cirrhosis patients. DESIGN: Prospective, non-randomized case control study; retrospective evaluation of pre-treatment period, evaluation of six months of treatment, open study after six month of treatment with evaluation of patients further treated and patients who discontinued treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twelve consecutive patients with proven primary biliary cirrhosis, all female. Patients were to take six to nine capsules of Galle-Donau, containing 37.5 mg p-tolymethylcarbinol nicotinic acid ester and 75 mg alpha-naphthylacetic acid (5 mg per kg of body weight and 10 mg), daily in three doses, together with meals. Six patients discontinued treatment with Galle-Donau after six months and were followed up further. RESULTS: After six months of Galle-Donau treatment the average alkaline phosphatase level dropped from 670.8 IU/ml to 577.1 IU/ml; the levels of total bilirubin (1.46 vs. 1.15 mg/100 ml) and unconjugated bilirubin (0.82 vs. 0.63 mg/100 ml) also decreased under therapy. This drop was not significant, while the decrease in triglycerides (149.2 vs. 103.1 mg/100 ml) reached statistical significance. During further treatment for up to two years patients showed no significant change in triglycerides, cholesterol or alkaline phosphatase. y-Glutamyl transpeptidase was not changed by treatment. Discontinuance of treatment resulted in significant increases in alkaline phosphatase and y-glutamyl transpeptidase, as well as in bilirubin levels. Triglyceride values also rose significantly when treatment was stopped, while the increase in cholesterol did not reach statistical significance. No influence of Galle-Donau treatment was found on IgM level. Pruritus (five patients) and Sicca symptoms (six patients) resolved within the treatment period in all but one patient (Sicca symptoms) who did not take the medication regularly. In the group of patients who discontinued therapy pruritus returned in both patients who had complained of it before therapy. Sicca symptoms returned in one out of three patients. CONCLUSION: Treatment with p-tolylmethylcarbinol nicotinic acid ester and alpha-naphthylacetic acid leads to relief of symptoms and ameliorates biochemical parameters of cholestasis may, therefore, be of value for PBC therapy.

A comparative study of gastrointestinal bleeding during administration of ketoprofen and naproxen.

The gastrointestinal blood losses arising after ketoprofen and naproxen therapy were studied in 12 male volunteers. A 51Cr-technique was used and the study was carried out using a double-blind crossover design. The median daily blood losses were 3.3 and 1.2 ml after ketoprofen and naproxen, respectively. Both preparations caused significantly increased gastrointestinal blood losses compared with preceding control periods, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two preparations.

Naproxen and aspirin in rheumatoid arthritis: a multicenter double-blind crossover comparison study.

One hundred nineteen adults with active definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis were studied in a multicenter double-blind crossover study of naproxen (500 mg/day) and aspirin (3.6 Gm/day). Each drug was given in sequence for a six-week study period. Patients already receiving corticosteriod and/or gold therapy were maintained at constant dose throughout the study, but analgesics and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents were discontinued at baseline. Objective and subjective evaluations by both investigator and patient were carried out at two-week intervals. No significant difference in global evaluation of efficacy or individual measures of efficacy was observed between aspirin and naproxen therapy, although physicians' global evaluation tended to favor naproxen. Sedimentation rate was lower on aspirin (naproxen 43.1 mm/hr; aspirin 38.7 mm/hr; P=0.02). Naproxen, 250 mg twice daily, was significantly better tolerated than aspirin, 900 mg four times daily. Mild, moderate, and severe side effects were less frequent with naproxen. The incidence of heartburn was significantly lower on naproxen, and significantly fewer patients terminated their six-week study period on naproxen than on aspirin. There were no significant deviations from baseline values in hematocrit, white cell or differential counts, or in tests of renal and hepatic function during the course of the study.

An open trial of naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis patients with significant esophageal, gastric, and duodenal lesions.

To confirm the reported lack of major gastrointestinal side effects of naproxen, we gave 58 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and significant gastrointestinal disease therapeutic doses of naproxen while closely monitoring them for signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal dysfunction. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal x-ray examinations at the start of the trail, and, when indicated, during the course of the study. Endoscopies were also performed when indicated. Forty patients had hiatus hernia and 35 had peptic ulcer (23 duodenal ulcer and 12 gastric ulcer). Twenty-six patients had a combination of hiatus hernia with either type of peptic ulcer. After 262 patient visits over a period of 52 weeks, 35 patients remained in the study, all having had more than six months of naproxen therapy in dosages ranging from 500 to 750 mg daily. In 33 of the 35, the response to naproxen had generally been good to excellent. Only seven patients dropped out of the trial because of complaints referable to side effects. There were no major related upper gastrointestinal side effects as monitored by continuing clinical evaluation, stool occult blood, comprehensive laboratory examination, and, where indicated, upper gastrointestinal x-ray studies. Approximately 70 per cent of the patients demonstrated efficacy on long-term naproxen therapy by subjective and objective parameters. Naproxen appears to be an efficacious and remarkably safe drug in the long-term therapy of rheumatoid arthritis, even in the presence of significant upper gastrointestinal symptomatology.

Effect of naproxen on gastrointestinal microbleeding following acetylsalicylate medication.

This study was undertaken to determine if substitution of naproxen for ASA does influence salicylate-induced gastrointestinal bleeding. Twelve normal volunteers were selected and given increasing doses of salicylate until guaiac tests were consistently positive. Autologous labeling of their red blood cells with 51-Cr was used to quantitate the microbleeding. After two weeks on ASA, six subjects were double blindly switched to naproxen and six to placebo for another two weeks of observation. Two-way analysis of variance on the raw data shows a significant treatment effect associated with a significant interaction in both groups. Final analysis on a logarithmic scale permits orthogonal contrasts to be accurately made without any significant remaining interaction. It is concluded that substitution of naproxen for ASA at a dose of 500 mg daily is accompanied by a rapid reduction of microbleeding to "normal" levels.